高二英語語法復習:倒裝句
2022-08-10 17:54:51高考網整理
1.倒裝句的定義
英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。
如果把謂語動詞放在主語前面,就叫做倒裝。
2. 倒裝句的構成
a) 完全倒裝
將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,稱之為完全倒裝。
Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎?
Now comes the chance. 機會來了。
b) 部分倒裝
只將助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語之前,謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面,稱之為部分倒裝。例如:
Has he come? 他來了嗎?
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better.
只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒裝的原因
a) 句子語法結構的需要。例如:
Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會議了嗎?
Long live peace! 和平萬歲!
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如:
Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。
c)強調的需要。倒裝以后,句子更加流暢生動。例如:
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。
4. 倒裝句的基本用法
a) 構成疑問句(除對主語或主語之定語提問的特殊疑問句外):
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時候喝你們的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個一個地離去。
Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來了!
c) 副詞only+狀語放在句首時:
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時他才認識到自己的錯誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學好數學。
d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時:
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火車剛一進站,我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對流行歌曲感興趣,我也如此。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒有去過農村,他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 這樣結束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。
g)so作“也”講時,引導的句子用倒裝語序,例如:
He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了,我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用,表示一種結果的意思,句子就要用正常語序。例如:
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影,他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “確實如此。”
h)某些讓步狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面或放在句首,以構成倒裝結構。例如:
No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn't like to read it.不管這本書多有趣,他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be,we can change its shape. 不管一個固體有多硬,我們都可以改變其形狀。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕,卻知道很多東西。
i)在虛擬語氣中,如果非真實條件句省略if,須將主句中的were, had和should等助動詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如:
Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些,他就會去學溜冰。
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods
如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話,他們就會在深林里迷路。
Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to
accept it. 假如他們認識到這個任務是多么重要的話,他們就不致于拒絕接受這項任務。
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